KDP (KH2PO4 ) and DKDP/KD*P (KD2PO4 ) are among the most widely-used commercial NLO materials. With good UV transmission, high damage threshold, and high birefringence, these material are usually used for doubling, tripling and quadrupling of Nd:YAG laser. With high E-O coefficient, KDP and DKDP crystals are also widely used to make Pockels cells for laser system, such as Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF, Ti-Sapphire, Alexandrite, etc.
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Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) and Potassium Dideuterium Phosphate (KD*P, DKDP) crystals are among the most widley used nonlinear crystals. Both of these crystals are routinely used for the doubling, triplingand quadrupling of Nd:YAG lasers at room temperatures.
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Characterized by the excelent UV transmission, high damage threshold,
and high birefringence, KDP (Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate) are commonly used commercial NLO materials
for doubling, tripling and quadrupling of Nd:YAG laser at room
temperature or an elevated temperature. KDP are also excellent
electro-optic (EO) crystals with high EO coefficients, thus popularly
used as EO modulators and Pockels cells for Q-switched
lasers.
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Potassium dideuterium phosphate DKDP (KD * P) crystal has low optical loss, high extinction ratio, and excellent electro-optical performance. DKDP Pockels cells are made by using the longitudinal effect of DKDP crystals. The modulation effect is stable and the pulse width is small.
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Potassium
Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) and Potassium Dideuterium Phosphate (DKDP)
are among the most widely-used commercial NLO materials, characterized
by good UV transmission, high damage threshold, and high birefringence,
though their NLO coefficients are relatively low. They are usually used
for doubling, tripling or quadrupling of a Nd:YAG laser (at constant
temperature).
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Potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH2PO4 (KDP) is a
transparent dielectric material best known for its nonlinear optical and
electro-optical properties. Because of its nonlinear
optical properties, it has been incorporated into various laser systems
for harmonic generation and optoelectrical switching.
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Characterized by the excelent UV transmission, high damage threshold,
and high birefringence, KDP (Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate) and KD*P
(Potassium Dideuterium Phosphate) are useful commercial NLO materials
for doubling, tripling and quadrupling of Nd:YAG laser at room
temperature or an elevated temperature. They are also excellent
electro-optic (EO) crystals with high electro-optic coefficients, widely
used as electro-optical modulators and Pockels cells for Q-switched
lasers.
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LBO (LiB3O5) is a kind of non-linear optical crystal with good ultraviolet transmittance (210-2300 nm), high laser damage threshold and large effective frequency doubling coefficient (about 3 times of KDP crystal). So LBO is commonly used to produce high power second and third harmonic laser light, especially for ultraviolet lasers.LBO has large band gap and transparency region, high non-linear coupling, good chemical and mechanical properties.
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LBO (LiB3O5) is a kind of non-linear optical crystal with good ultraviolet transmittance (210-2300 nm), high laser damage threshold and large effective frequency doubling coefficient (about 3 times of KDP crystal). So LBO is commonly used to produce high power second and third harmonic laser light, especially for ultraviolet lasers.LBO has large band gap and transparency region, high non-linear coupling, good chemical and mechanical properties.
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LiNbO3 (Lithium Niobate, LN) crystal is a multifunctional material that integrates properties of piezoelectric, ferroelectric, pyroelectric, nonlinear, electro-optical, photoelastic, etc. LiNbO3 has good thermal stability and chemical stability.Among the EO crystals, LN and DKDP are the two primary material that have been practical. DKDP crystals can be easily grown with a high optical homogeneity, which can satisfy the requirement of a large caliber Pockels cell.
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LBO (LiB3O5) is an excellent non-linear crystal of Borate-family following BBO. LBO has advantages of good ultraviolet transmittance (210-2300 nm), high laser damage threshold and large effective frequency doubling coefficient (about 3 times of KDP crystal). Therefore LBO is commonly used to produce high power second and third harmonic laser light, especially for ultraviolet lasers.LBO has large band gap and transparency region, high non-linear coupling, good chemical and mechanical properties.
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LiNbO3 (Lithium Niobate, LN) crystal is a multifunctional material that integrates properties of piezoelectric, ferroelectric, pyroelectric, nonlinear, electro-optical, photoelastic, etc. LiNbO3 has good thermal stability and chemical stability. Among the EO crystals, LN and DKDP are the two primary material that have been practical. DKDP crystals can be easily grown with a high optical homogeneity, which can satisfy the requirement of a large caliber Pockels cell.
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E-O Q-switch based on DKDP (KD*P) crystals are one of the most popular Pockels cells in the market.Deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate has good transmission from
390 nm to 1400 nm (0.39 μm – 1.4 μm) and combined with high
electro-optical coefficients makes it suitable for Pockels cells.Highly deuterated DKDP
(D>99% – WISOPTIC) is necessary to reach effective electro-optical
response.
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The EO Q-switch (Pockels cell) is an electro-optic device in which the crystal
produces linear changes in the birefringence of the crystal (in contrast
to the Kerr Effect, which is quadratic with E).
Pockels cells are essential components in various optical devices such
as Q-switches for lasers, free space electro-optical modulators, free
space switches. WISOPTIC use highly deuterated DKDP (KD*P) crystal (D%>99%) to make high quality Q-switches with high laser induced damage threshold.
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The periodic polarized KTP (PPKTP) is a novel nonlinear optical material that can be customized to achieve all of the nonlinear applications required in the entire KTP crystal transmission band, without the phase matching limitations of conventional KTP. Moreover, the effective nonlinear coefficient of PPKTP is about 3 times higher than that of conventional KTP. In the nonlinear application of conventional KTP, the crystal must have a single domain structure, but PPKTP crystal has an artificially induced periodic domain structure.
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Pockels Cell Driver for Q-Switching of Flashlamp Pumped LasersThese drivers are designed for Q-switching of nanosecond flashlamp pumped lasers without use of phase retardation plates, for example to drive a DKDP Pockels cell in YAG lasers for aesthetic therapy. High voltage is applied to Pockels cell in order to inhibit oscillation.
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Diffusion bonded crystal consists of two, three or more parts of crystals with different dopants or same dopant with different doping levels. This material is commonly made by bonding one laser crystal with one or two undoped crystals by precise optical contact and further processing under high temperature.
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Tm3+:YLF crystal has a high absorption peak around 792 nm which locates in the diode pumping range, and also has a cross-relaxation process that provides the possibility for each absorbed pump photon to produce to ions at higher laser energy level. Tm3+: YLF laser is very suitable as a pump source for Ho3+:YAG laser. This is due to the good overlap of the emission band of Tm3+:YLF and the absorption band of Ho3+:YAG, and the ability to produce a linearly polarized output.
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LN Crystal is a multifunctional material that integrates properties of piezoelectric, ferroelectric, pyroelectric, nonlinear, electro-optical, photoelastic, etc. LiNbO3 has good thermal stability and chemical stability.As one of the most thoroughly characterized nonlinear optical materials, LiNbO3 is suitable for a variety of frequency conversion applications. For example, it is widely used as frequency doublers for wavelength >1 μm and optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) pumped at 1064 nm as well as quasi-phase-matched (QPM) devices.
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Beta-BBO crystal is an important nonlinear optical crystal
with combination of unique optical properties, such as broad transmission and
phase matching ranges, large nonlinear coefficient, high damage
threshold and excellent optical homogeneity. The β-BBO crystal is an efficient material for the second, third and fourth
harmonic generation of Nd:YAG lasers, and the best NLO material for the
fifth harmonic generation at 213 nm.
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Nd:YAG (Neodimium Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) has been and continue to be the most widely used laser crystal for solid-state lasers.
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KTA (Potassium Titanyle Arsenate, KTiOAsO4 ) is a nonlinear optical crystal similar to KTP in which atom P is replaced by As. It has good non-linear optical and electro-optical properties, e.g.
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Nd:YLF is an excellent crystal that is very suitable for working in mode-locked mode to obtain short pulse laser. Nd:YLF has very small thermal lens effect (much smaller than YAG crystal), wide fluorescent line, and can generate linear-polarized beam. The relatively small stimulated emission cross section of Nd:YLF makes it suitable for continuous work with low threshold. Nd:YLF crystal has obtained important applications in inertial confinement laser fusion research projects.
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Lithium Niobate (LN) crystal has excellent electro-optic, acousto-optic, piezoelectric and nonlinear properties. More and more attention has been paid on its application in military technology. LN crystal has large nonlinear optical coefficient and can easily achieve non-critical phase matching. As an E-O material, LN crystal has been used as an important optical waveguide material.
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